National Archives in San Bruno, CA threatened with immediate closure

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AbmM0t5MbeCnB8jex34JqEOkea-HtFjB2SbwX7spcCU/edit?tab=t.0

Please express your opposition by writing to

Edward Forst, Acting Archivist of the United States
National Archives and Records Administration
8601 Adelphi Road
College Park, MD 20740-6001

Louis Loy – Seattle Merchant’s many trips to China

In June 1895, Louis Loy (Louie Loy)  雷來; 雷 sought approval for a trip to China. He was born in Jung Share (Jung Sea) Village, Sun Ning District, China. His marriage name was Louie Ngee Goon. J. Edgar Mills, wrote to the Chinese Inspector in Spokane, Washington, certifying that he had known Louis Loy for over three years and Louis was doing business in 1891 as Loy On & Co., a Japanese bazar [market], on Pike Street, in the Wa Chong Building.

“Louis Loy (Louie Loy), Affidavit photo,” 1893, CEA case files, RG 85, NARA-Seattle, Louis Loy, Box 908, #7032/999.

William Y. L. Rutherford swore in an affidavit in November 1893 that he had known Louis Loy as a merchant since 1890 in the business of manufacturing and dealing with ladies’ underwear. Since 1891, Louis and his partner, Lou Suie, continued the business under the name of Quong Lee Yuen & Co. The business was in the back of the Chinese grocery, Wa Chong Company. 

In June 1901, W. Y. L. Rutherford and Walter Bernett swore that they had known Louis Loy as a merchant for over ten years. Thomas M. Fisher, Chinese and Immigrant Inspector in Seattle sent a summary of his findings for interviews with Rutherford, M. S. Booth, Walter Burritt, and Alexander Wilson, to the Deputy Collector’s Office in Port Townsend. Booth was a manager at Ballargerin [a downtown Seattle department store] and lived in Seattle for twenty-nine years. Burritt and Wilson both knew Louie Loy for about ten years. Wilson, a merchant, testified that Louis visited Wilson’s store about every third day to buy silk, lace and dress goods for gowns.  Louis Loy’s trip was approved. He traveled to China and returned on 1 July 1901.

In August 1909, Louis Loy applied for a trip to Victoria and Vancouver, British Columbia. He wanted to bring his wife, Leong She, and his minor daughter, Louis Gim Won, back with him.
His witnesses were L.B. Jackson and W. H. Greeley, both employees at Western Dry Goods Company and longtime residents of Seattle. They swore that Louis was a merchant for more than five years at 316 Yesler Way in Seatle and had done no manual labor during the last year. A photo of Louis Loy was attached to the affidavit.

A note at the end of Louis Loy’s interrogation, says, “This applicant is personally known to the examining inspector as a reputable Chinese merchant of this city.” Signed by Henry A. Monroe

A partnership list of Louis Loy & Company as of 8 October 1909 is included in the file.

Louis Loy’s trip to Canada was approved. Louis and Leong She were married at 728 Commonwealth Street, Victoria, B.C. on 19 October 1909 in the Methodist Church by A. E. Roberts, clergyman, with witnesses L. Chewkum, Chan Sui and Maggie Smith.
Louis, his wife, and daughter returned to Seattle on the 20th of October. Louis’ first wife died in 1908. The immigration inspector examined Louis’ marriage license, approved it, and returned it to Louis.  Ah Foon (Woon), Louis’ ten-year-old daughter by his first wife was interrogated. The family was admitted.

In February 1929, Louie Loy submitted a Request for a Return Certificate. He was now sixty-six years old, [his interrogation lists his age as 67] considered a laborer, a peddler selling Chinese pastry. Louis and his second wife, Leung She, had eleven children, all born in the U.S. He provided the names and dates of birth for his children. They were living at Canton Alley in Seattle. Ah Chung owed him $1,000. [Laborers were required to have property or debt of $1,000] Ah Chung was questioned and his testimony agreed with Louie Loy.
 Louis Loy was originally admitted into the United States in 1895 as a returning merchant. He was in China during the original registration period, so he did not have a Certificate of Residence. On each of his trips he used his affidavit to prove his status as a merchant. When he returned from his 1929 trip to China, he received his Certificate of Identity #62558. 

“Louis Loy (Louie Loy), M143 photo,” 1930, CEA case files, RG 85, NARA-Seattle, Louis Loy, Box 908, #7032/999.

 According to his file, Louis Loy’s last trip to China was in March 1931, returning and admitted in January 1932.                                       

The reference sheet in his file lists the names and file numbers for Louis Loy’s wife, two sons, and seven daughters–potentially containing much more information on this family.

Ng Chin Gar – Columbia Refugee, El Paso, TX

In April 1931 Ng Chin Gar 伍傳家 applied for a laborer’s return certificate, form 432. The Seattle Immigration Service wrote to the immigration office in El Paso, TX requesting a copy of his immigration file #5032/84-200. Ng Chin Gar handed over his certificate of identity #40650 which was issued to him as a “Columbus refugee” in El Paso, TX in 1923. It would be given back to him when he returned from his trip. They verified that he had the necessary $1,000 liberty bond. To qualify for reentry into the U.S., he had to return within one year and still be the owner of the $1,000 bond. Since he fulfilled all the requirements for a laborer under the Chinese Exclusion Act, the El Paso office recommended that Ng be issued a return certificate. While waiting for the approval of his documents, he was staying at the Wah Yuen store in his departure city, Seattle. He returned to the Port of Seattle in April 1932 and was admitted.

“Ng Chin Gar, Form 432, Return Certificate photo,” 1934, Chinese Exclusion Act case files, Record Group 85, National Archives-Seattle, Box 911, File 7032/1072.

Ng Chin Gar applied again for a return certificate in 1934. He was working as a kitchen helper in Austin, Texas. He was married with two sons, ages 12 and 6 years old. In his application, he stated that he originally arrived as a refugee with the U.S. army and was admitted near Columbus, New Mexico, in 1917. He went to Mexico when he was twenty years old (ca.1912).

The Immigrant Inspector Roy M. Porter made a note saying: This certificate bears the following indorsement: “Registered under Public Resolution No. 29 approved November 5, 1928.”

[This was part of a later effort to standardize and reaffirm the validity of Chinese registration certificates issued under earlier exclusion laws.]

In 1935, Ng Chin Gar was unable to return within the one-year deadline because his wife was ill. He applied to Charles L. Hoover, the American Consulate General in Hong Kong for an Overtime Certificate.  Ng was asked why his wife’s mother couldn’t take care of her. Hoover approved the certificate because he thought if Ng appealed, it was likely the certificate would be approved.  Ng was admitted to the Port of Seattle on 22 May 1936.

The following information is not included in the Ng Chin Gar’s CEA file:

Army camp Columbus, N.M., auto truck supply train about to leave for Mexico / Shulman
. New Mexico Columbus, 1916. [?] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2002719615/.

Migration Memorials Project, The Pershing Chinese

Edward J. M. Rhoads, The History of Chinese Immigration to Texas

Mina Tavakoli and Krystal Tilley, Borderlands: Chinese History in El Paso (2024-2025), EPCC Library Services, https://epcc.libguides.com/c.php?g=754275&p=10532944

“Unsung Allies: The ‘Pershing Chinese’ and the legacy They Left Behind in Texas,” Texas Capital News, May 13, 2025
https://texascapitalnews.substack.com/p/unsung-allies-the-pershing-chinese

Chi Che Wan – Chinese biochemist and college professor

In April 1931, Wang Chi Che 王季茝 (Chi Che Wang) was applying for a Return Permit so she could attend the annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology in Montreal, Canada. Wang Chi Che’s file contains a Form of Chinese Certificate from 1907 when she originally arrived in the U.S.as a Section 6 student. A photo was attached and the document was signed by M. P. Boyd, American Vice Consul General in Charge, Shanghai, China.

Black and white portrait of a woman with an elegant hairstyle, wearing a high-collared blouse. The image is enclosed in an oval border, with a small round object in the top left corner.
Wang Chi Che (Chi Che Wang), Chinese Exclusion Act case files, Record Group 85, National Archives-Seattle, Box 908, File 7032/1000.

Wang Chi Che had the documents she needed to enter Canada temporarily in 1931 but was applying for the documents she would need to reenter the United States after she attended the meeting. She planned to go by way of Detroit, Michigan.

In February, Thomas Thomas, District Director of Immigration in Cincinnati, wrote to the Immigration office in Seattle asking them to furnish a landing record of Miss Chi Che Wang. She arrived as a sixteen-year-old student on the SS Minnesota in August or September 1907. She had not left the country since she arrived.

The Seattle office sent a summary of the 6 March 1931, six-page interrogation of Chi Che Wang.:

  1. She was born in Soo Chow, China on 30 October 1891 and was admitted to the U.S. as a student in August 1907.
  2. Attended Walnut Hills Boarding School in Natick, Massachusetts to improve her English, then Wellesley College.
  3. Employed as head of the Department of Biochemistry at Michall Reese Hospital in Chicago from April 1920 to April 1930.
  4. Did biological research work at the Marine Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  5. Taught biochemistry in the Department of Home Economics at Chicago University.
  6. Since December 1939, employed as Senior Fellow, in charge of the Department of Metabolism of the Pediatric Research Foundation in Cincinnati, receiving a salary of $4,500 a year.
  7. Member of Honorary Scientific Society of Sigma Psi, American Chemical Society, American Society of Biological Chemists, Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, and Institute of Medicine-Chicago section.
  8. Speaks English fluently and idiomatically.

Information in Chi Che Wang’s interrogation that was not included in the summary:
1. Living at 825 Locust Street in Cincinnati, Ohio.
2. Her sister, Chi Tsau Wang, a Theology student, was living at the International House in Berkeley, California.

After a review of Chi Che Wang’s documents in 1931, a Return Permit was issued to her.
A Reentry Permit was issued to her in 1939 with no additional paperwork.

For more information on Chi Che Wang go to:
Wikipedia
Wellesley College/Alumnae Corner/Chi Che Wang (1914)
AWIS (Association for Women in Science)
Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center

Thank you Andrew Sandfort-Marchese, for calling this file to my attention.

Opportunity to receive your Naturalization Petition files (P-files)

Important research opportunity for the Asian American community regarding P-Files (Petition Files).

What Are P-Files?
P-Files are Naturalization Petition Files created by U.S. Naturalization Examiners in field offices for every naturalization petition filed between September 27, 1906, and February 28, 1950.

  • Files dated through July 1929 are typically brief summaries (“briefs”), about half a page in length.
  • After July 1929, P-Files became much more detailed and often contained richer information than C-Files.
  • After 1950, naturalization records are generally found in C-Files (through 1956) and A-Files thereafter.
  • A P-File may exist even if the petition was denied or the process was never completed.

These records are held at Federal Records Centers in San Bruno, California, or Lee’s Summit, Missouri, depending on where the individual petitions for naturalization.


Why This Matters for the Chinese and Asian American Communities

For the Chinese American community, P-Files may exist for individuals who petitioned before February 28, 1950, including:

  • Those who applied after the passage of the Magnuson Act (December 17, 1943), which repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act
  • U.S.-born women who married Asian immigrants, lost their citizenship, and later regained it
  • Men who served in the U.S. Army during World War I and obtained citizenship under the Nye-Lea Act (1935)

These files can contain valuable genealogical, legal, and historical information that may not appear in other immigration records.


Community Research Effort

Linda Harms Okazaki is working to collect and analyze as many P-Files as possible to build a knowledge base that benefits the broader Asian American community. While her primary research focus has been on Japanese Americans, she is actively gathering information related to other Asian communities as well.


How to Participate – Please submit by or before March 15 

Please provide the following information. The request cannot be made without this data.

  • Full name (including any variations or alternate spellings)
  • Date of birth
  • Country of birth
  • Proof of death
  • Naturalization documents (copy of naturalization petition, an index to a petition, or a naturalization certificate) – The petition is sometimes available on Ancestry. You might include an image of a petition for a Chinese immigrant and also an index card.
  • Location where the petition was filed

Linda will review the information, determine the appropriate court, file number, accession number, and box number, and submit a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for the P-File.

Documents are typically delivered digitally, and participants will receive a digital copy of the records. There is no cost to submit the FOIA request, though you may need to obtain a death certificate if one is not already available.

For those who participate, a private Google Drive folder will be created to securely share documents.

No request will be made if the research subject is still living or if the documents are not provided.This is an opportunity for Linda to request something on your behalf, but you must provide the supporting documentation.


For more information or to participate, please contact:
Linda Harms Okazaki
LindasOrchard@gmail.com

This is a meaningful opportunity to help preserve and document the naturalization history of our Asian American families and communities.

The example below is a good starting point, though birthdate, location of petition, proof of death, and alternate names are also needed. 

Linda Harms Okazaki

California Genealogical Society, Past President
Nikkei Genealogical Society, Charter Member
Association of Professional Genealogists, president NorCal Chapter 
Linda’s Orchard, LLC
925-451-1929


Bruce Lee – Forever U.S. Postal Stamp released

Bruce Lee Forever stamp release celebrated at Seattle event, The Seattle Times, Seattle, WA, 18 February 2026

https://www.seattletimes.com/life/culture/bruce-lee-forever-stamp-release-celebrated-at-seattle-event

See this earlier blog entry for more information on Bruce Lee.

Ng Sen Wing’s Florida descendants visit NARA-Seattle

Doug Ng’s cousin, Debbie Jiang, found information on Doug’s grandfather, Ng Sen Wing, and great Grandfather on the blog. Doug Ng and his wife, Dorian, who live in Florida, were visiting family on the west coast so Doug sent a request to National Archives-Seattle to see his Chinese Exclusion Act family files. Ng Sen Wing and family owned a vegetable farm in Jacksonville, Florida in the early to mid-1900s. Ng’s file was extremely rich in information. Besides photos of four family members, the file contains the file numbers for Ng Sen Wing’s wife, his parents, three brothers, five nieces and nephews, and three sisters-in-laws. This enabled Doug to request to see those files also.

Doug and Dorian visited NARA-Seattle yesterday. It was so much fun to see how excited they were to read the family files.

Doug Ng  holding a document from Ng Sen Wing file
Doug Ng holding a document from Ng Sen Wing file. RG 85, NARA-Seattle, Ng Sen Wing, 7030/351
Below: Doug and Dorian Ng, Dorian, Trish & Doug with documents from the file

This is the original blog post:
https://chineseexclusionfiles.com/2023/07/09/ng-sen-wing-vegetable-farmer-jacksonville-florida/